Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

从美军"PTN"项目看前沿技术在飞行员训练体系中的应用前景

美国空军教育和训练司令部"PTN"项目即"未来飞行员训练计划"已经完成两期验证,项目重点集成了虚拟现实、增强现实、先进生理传感器、人工智能和大数据分析技术,研究了新技术对飞行员训练的适用性.项目取得了良好的效果,美军计划将该项目作为未来飞行员训练体系的重要组成部分.本文分析了"PTN"项目的 组织实施过程和实施效果,阐述了人工智能、虚拟现实、大数据等前沿技术在飞行员培训体系中的应用前景.     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

A modern robust approach to remotely estimate chlorophyll in coastal and inland zones

The chlorophyll concentration of a water body is an important proxy for representing the phytoplankton biomass. Its estimation from multi or hyper-spectral remote sensing data in natural waters is generally achieved by using (i) the waveband ratioing in two or more bands in the blue-green or (ii) by using a combination of the radiance peak position and magnitude in the red-near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The blue-green ratio algorithms have been extensively used with satellite ocean color data to investigate chlorophyll distributions in open ocean and clear waters and the application of red-NIR algorithms is often restricted to turbid productive water bodies. These issues present the greatest obstacles to our ability to formulate a modern robust method suitable for quantitative assessments of the chlorophyll concentration in a diverse range of water types. The present study is focused to investigate the normalized water-leaving radiance spectra in the visible and NIR region and propose a robust algorithm (Generalized ABI, GABI algorithm) for chlorophyll concentration retrieval based on Algal Bloom index (ABI) which separates phytoplankton signals from other constituents in the water column. The GABI algorithm is validated using independent in-situ data from various regional to global waters and its performance is further evaluated by comparison with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The results revealed that GABI yields significantly more accurate chlorophyll concentrations (with uncertainties less than 13.5%) and remains more stable in different waters types when compared with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The performance of GABI is further demonstrated using HICO images from nearshore turbid productive waters and MERIS and MODIS-Aqua images from coastal and offshore waters of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and East China Sea.     

配对进近模式分析及研究进展

配对进近模式是在近距平行跑道上运行的,旨在提高仪表气象条件下的进场效率的一种高效进近模 式,该模式的完整流程在国内鲜有阐述。本文重点分析配对进近程序在近距平行跑道上运行时各阶段的流程, 以及配对进近程序的实施对机型、设备以及人员的具体要求;结合目前国内近距平行跑道的运行情况,国际上 对配对进近模式的研究和应用现状,指出我国引进配对进近模式的迫切性以及该模式今后的研究和发展趋势。     

支线飞机替换战略的经济性分析

随着中国城市化进程的发展,西部地区和三四线城市的航空出行需求快速增加。航空公司通常采用干线飞机投入西部航线和三四线城市航空市场,由于客座率不高且航班频次不足,航空公司经济效益不高,西部地区和部分三四线城市的航空出行需求也未得到充分满足。为解决供需矛盾,采用国产某支线飞机替换部分航线经济效益不好的干线飞机虽被提上日程,但是对于替换战略的经济性缺乏定量描述,航空公司始终处于观望状态,进而制约了支线飞机的市场推广。为解决上述问题,构建支线飞机替换战略的经济性模型,随后进行模型验证与仿真分析,比较支线飞机和干线飞机的航段收益,分析所有权模式和关键费用驱动因子对支线飞机运营经济性的影响规律,进而提出支线飞机的优势区域和提升运营经济性的有效措施。     

模具约束条件对H96黄铜双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响

 双脊矩形管的绕弯成形受内外侧模具的共同约束,不同模具约束下管坯的受力不同,使得其截面变形情况也不相同,而截面变形严重地影响弯管件的成形质量和使用性能。因此,基于ABAQUS有限元平台建立了双脊矩形管E弯成形三维有限元模型,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用所建模型,研究了内外侧模具约束条件对双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响规律,发现当只有内腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽的内缩变形可得到较好的控制,而其他部位的变形则有增大的趋势;当只有外腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽宽度变形基本不发生变化,而其他部位的变形则有减小的趋势;当内外腹板脊槽均受约束时,可较好地控制双脊矩形管E弯过程中的截面变形。芯头个数对整管截面高度、宽度、外腹板脊槽宽度与两脊槽底部的间距的变形影响较大,但对内腹板脊槽宽度的变形影响不显著。     

NVNA谐波相位检验件设计及定标

本文介绍了一种用于检验非线性网络分析仪谐波相位指标的检验件设计方法，并搭建了基于实时示波器的测量系统对谐波相位进行定标。通过高速实时示波器对检验件的输出信号进行采样，利用傅立叶变换提取谐波相位信息。为了得到高准确度的测量结果，采用去缠绕、最小二乘等算法对相位结果进行优化处理。实验结果表明，该方法可以作为NVNA谐波相位指标的验证手段对NVNA的谐波相位进行验证。